Taking out federal student loans isn’t going to make you a public charge under the new rules change. The public charge rule looks at immigrants using welfare (TANF or SSI) or long term institutional care but now includes SNAP (food stamps), public housing, and Medicaid/publicly funded healthcare (with exceptions). The new rules are expected to take effect on Oct 15th and legal challenges are expected to postpone implementation.

Federal student loans don’t affect your immigration sponsor. You’re on the hook for paying them back.