Can I save some time by skipping the learner's permit process or is it required for the driving test? The DMV's site seems to imply it isn't necessary if you're over 18
A permit is only given and necessary if you are under 18. The only time you need a permit is if you are turning 18 and renewing. That just means you don't have to take a driven test.
If you are 18 and its the first time your getting a drivers license you have to go through the process. So you take the computerized test, once you pass it you take a driven test. If you pass that then you get a temporary drivers license and they mail you your actual one in the mail.